Cosmetics Notes:

Repost from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmetics From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search This article is about substances also known as "make-up" in English. For other uses, see Cosmetic."Make-up" redirects here. For other uses, see Make-up (disambiguation)."Toilette" redirects here. It is not to be confused with Toilet. Woman wearing several forms of cosmetics, including lipstick, eye liner, eye shadow, and hair colorAn artist applying make-up for an Indian classical danceCosmetics are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance or fragrance of the body. Many cosmetics are designed for use of applying to the face and hair. They are generally mixtures of chemical compounds; some being derived from natural sources (such as coconut oil), and some being synthetics.[1] Common cosmetics include lipstick, mascara, eye shadow, foundation, rouge, skin cleansers and skin lotions, shampoo, hairstyling products (gel, hair spray, etc.), perfume and cologne. Cosmetics applied to the face to enhance its appearance are often called make-up or makeup.In the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which regulates cosmetics,[2] defines cosmetics as "intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body's structure or functions". This broad definition includes any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product. The FDA specifically excludes soap from this category.[3]

Main article: Cosmetic packagingThe term cosmetic packaging is used for primary packaging and secondary packaging of cosmetic products.[23][24]Primary packaging, also called cosmetic container, is housing the cosmetic product. It is in direct contact with the cosmetic product. Secondary packaging is the outer wrapping of one or several cosmetic container(s). An important difference between primary and secondary packaging is that any information that is necessary to clarify the safety of the product must appear on the primary package. Otherwise, much of the required information can appear on just the secondary packaging. [25][26][27]Cosmetic packaging is standardized by the ISO 22715, set by the International Organization for Standardization[24][28] and regulated by national or regional regulations such as those issued by the EU or the FDA. Marketers and manufacturers of cosmetic products must be compliant to these regulations to be able to market their cosmetic products in the corresponding areas of jurisdiction.[29]

The manufacture of cosmetics is dominated by a small number of multinational corporations that originated in the early 20th century, but the distribution and sales of cosmetics is spread among a wide range of businesses. The worlds largest cosmetic companies are L'Oréal, Procter & Gamble, Unilever, Shiseido, and Estée Lauder.[30] In 2005, the market volume of the cosmetics industry in the US, Europe, and Japan was about EUR 70B/y.[1] In Germany, the cosmetic industry generated €12.6 billion of retail sales in 2008,[31] which makes the German cosmetic industry the third largest in the world, after Japan and the United States. German exports of cosmetics reached €5.8 billion in 2008, whereas imports of cosmetics totaled €3 billion.[31]The worldwide cosmetics and perfume industry currently generates an estimated annual turnover of US$170 billion (according to Eurostaf – May 2007). Europe is the leading market, representing approximately €63 billion, while sales in France reached €6.5 billion in 2006, according to FIPAR (Fédération des Industries de la Parfumerie – the French federation for the perfume industry).[32] France is another country in which the cosmetic industry plays an important role, both nationally and internationally. According to data from 2008, the cosmetic industry has grown constantly in France for 40 consecutive years. In 2006, this industrial sector reached a record level of €6.5 billion. Famous cosmetic brands produced in France include Vichy, Yves Saint Laurent, Yves Rocher, and many others.The Italian cosmetic industry is also an important player in the European cosmetic market. Although not as large as in other European countries, the cosmetic industry in Italy was estimated to reach €9 billion in 2007.[33] The Italian cosmetic industry is dominated by hair and body products and not makeup as in many other European countries. In Italy, hair and body products make up approximately 30% of the cosmetic market. Makeup and facial care, however, are the most common cosmetic products exported to the United States.According to Euromonitor International, the market for cosmetics in China is expected to be $7.4 billion in 2021 up from $4.3 billion in 2016. The increase is due to social media and the changing attitudes of people in the 18-to-30-year age bracket.[34]Due to the popularity of cosmetics, especially fragrances and perfumes, many designers who are not necessarily involved in the cosmetic industry came up with perfumes carrying their names. Moreover, some actors and singers (such as Celine Dion) have their own perfume line. Designer perfumes are, like any other designer products, the most expensive in the industry as the consumer pays for the product and the brand. Famous Italian fragrances are produced by Giorgio Armani, Dolce & Gabbana, and others.Procter & Gamble, which sells CoverGirl and Dolce & Gabbana makeup, funded a study[35] concluding that makeup makes women seem more competent.[36] Due to the source of funding, the quality of this Boston University study is questioned.

1. ^ Jump up to: ^a b c d Schneider, Günther et al (2005). "Skin Cosmetics" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a24_2192. ^ Jump up to: ^{a b c d e f g h i} "Cosmetics and Your Health – FAQs". Womenshealth.gov. November 2004. Archived from the original on 2013-03-12. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)3. Jump up ^ Lewis, Carol (2000). "Clearing up Cosmetic Confusion." FDA Consumer Magazine23. ^ Cosper, Alex (September 16, 2016). "Purposes of Cosmetic Packaging".24.  ^ Jump up to: ^a b Cosper, Alex. "Cosmetic packaging compliant to ISO 22715". Desjardin. Retrieved 2 November 2016.25.  Jump up ^ Cosper, Alex (September 22, 2016). "What you should know when packaging cosmetics compliant to FDA regulations". Desjardin. 26. Jump up ^ Cosper, Alex. "What you should know when packaging cosmetics compliant to EU regulations". Desjardin. Retrieved 2 November 2016. 27. Jump up ^ "Understanding the Cosmetics Regulation". Cosmetics Europe Association. Retrieved 3 November 2016. 28. Jump up ^ International Organization for Standardization. "ISO 22715:2006 Cosmetics – Packaging and labelling". ISO.org. Retrieved 2 November 2016. 29. Jump up ^ Turner, Dawn M. "Is the Standard ISO 22715 on Cosmetic Packaging legally binding?". Desjardin. Retrieved 2 November 2016. 30. Jump up ^ Top 100 Cosmetic Manufacturers. scribd.com31. ^ Jump up to: ^a b "Cosmetic Industry". Archived from the original on 2010-09-08. Retrieved 2010-08-04. 32. Jump up ^ "France continues to lead the way in cosmetics". Retrieved 2010-08-04. 33. Jump up ^ "Cosmetics – Europe (Italy) 2008 Marketing Research". Retrieved 2010-08-04. 34. Jump up ^ Wei, Daniela (2017-05-31). "Bloggers Touting Makeup Secrets Spur Estee Lauder's China Sales". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 2017-06-02. 35. Jump up ^ Etcoff, N. L.; Stock, S; Haley, L. E.; Vickery, S. A.; House, D. M. (2011). "Cosmetics as a Feature of the Extended Human Phenotype: Modulation of the Perception of Biologically Important Facial Signals". PLoS ONE. 6 (10): e25656. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...625656E. PMC 3185017 . PMID 21991328. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025656. 36. Jump up ^ "Makeup Makes Women Appear More Competent: Study". The New York Times. 2011-10-12.